KlikFakta.com – Tentu beberapa orang telah mengenal apa itu feminisme Islam. Bagi kamu yang belum mengetahuinya tak perlu risau, karena penulis hadir menawarkan gambaran singkat tentang gerakan satu ini. Tentu dengan bahasa ringan namun dengan referensi yang kredibel.
Sebelum jauh mengenal feminisme Islam, mari kita samakan persepsi tentang feminisme terlebih dahulu. Ini bukan gerakan “merusak Islam” apalagi “melawan kodrat wanita”.
Merujuk pada definisi menurut Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, feminisme adalah “gerakan wanita yang menuntut persamaan hak sepenuhnya antara wanita dan pria”. Perlu underline, italic, dan bold di sini, karena pengertian itu masih sangat luas.
Memang, tak ada definisi kaku untuk mengartikan feminisme. Karena pada dasarnya, feminisme bergerak sesuai dengan kondisi sosio-kultural yang ada di masyarakat. Titik berangkatnya adalah perjuangan melawan ketidakadilan dan tertindasnya kaum perempuan.
Adapun feminisme Islam artinya gerakan menuntut keadilan dari tafsir keagamaan yang menindas perempuan.
Mungkin kamu nanya? apa ada gerakan yang mempertanyakan tafsir agama? Biar saya jelaskan.
Margot Badran (2010) mengungkapkan wacana feminisme Islam telah muncul sejak 1990 dalam perundingan meja bundar tentang politik identitas dan perempuan (Roundtable on Identity Politics and Women) yang diorganisasikan oleh Valentine Moghadam di United Nations World Institute for Development Economics (WIDER) di Helshinki.
Para ahli di sana menerka jika ada gerakan yang mengartikan kembali prinsip keadilan gender dan keadilan sosial melalui tafsir bahasa Al Quran.
Mengapa mereka membicarakan “mengartikan kembali”? Jawabannya karena ada pengaruh patriarki dalam tafsir teks keagamaan yang pada akhirnya menciptakan ketidakadilan dan kekangan di pihak perempuan.
Margot Badran, Asma Barlas, dan Kynsilehto adalah beberapa nama yang mempertanyakan bagaimana budaya patriarki memengaruhi dalam tafsir Al-Quran dan Hadis. Yang seperti penulis sampaikan di paragraf sebelumnya, terkesan menciptakan ketidakadilan dan menyudutkan perempuan.
Sedangkan menurut Anwar, feminisme Islam sebagai gerakan sosial dan intelektual oleh perempuan muslim untuk mempromosikan kesetaraan gender dan menghapuskan penindasan terhadap kaum perempuan.
Keduanya, feminisme dan Islam, memang sering menyebabkan tabrakan. Maksudnya, beberapa orang tidak mau menerima keberadaan feminisme dalam Islam karena menganggapnya produk Barat dan tidak relevan dengan Islam.
Padahal pada dasarnya, Anwar mengungkapkan prinsip yang dijunjung dalam semangat Islam dan feminisme adalah Islam rahmatan lil alamin.
Jadi bagaimana kamu bisa menolak feminisme bila semangatnya adalah mewujudkan Islam sebagai rahmat bagi semesta?
Sementara itu Musdah Mulia, sebagaimana diungkapkan oleh Anwar, menjelaskan ada tiga karakteristik dalam keilmuan feminisme Islam. Pertama, perubahan dari budaya patriarki menuju egalitarianisme gender.
Kedua, reformasi hukum yang bertujuan menghapuskan diskriminasi kepada perempuan. Ketiga, menafsirkan kembali teks keagamaan menjadi lebih ramah perempuan dan manusiawi.
Intinya, gerakan feminisme Islam menitikberatkan perjuangan muslim untuk mempromosikan tafsir agama yang lebih sensitif gender dan berkeadilan.
Jika kamu bertanya mengapa penulis menyebutnya “perjuangan muslim” dan bukan perjuangan wanita muslim, jawabannya karena telah banyak muncul para pria pembela hak keadilan perempuan. Sebut saja Gus Dur.
Meskipun hanya sekelumit penjelasan, penulis harap penjelasan singkat ini bisa membantu pembaca mengenal feminisme Islam.
___
Referensi:
Margot Badran, “An Historical Overview of Conferences on Islamic Feminism: Circulations and New Challenges,” Remmm, 2010, https://journals.openedition.org/remmm/6824.
Margot Badran, “Engaging Islamic Feminism.” In Islamic Feminism: Current Perspectives (Tampere: TAJU, 2008).
Etin Anwar, Feminisme Islam (Banding: Mizan, 2021).
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